The Evolving Landscape of EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer: Advances in Research and Therapeutic Strategies

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for the majority of lung cancer cases, and within NSCLC, the identification of specific oncogenic drivers has revolutionized treatment strategies. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are among the most prevalent oncogenic drivers in NSCLC, particularly in adenocarcinoma histology, and are associated with increased sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). This essay will explore the latest research on EGFR mutations in lung cancer, focusing on recent advances in understanding resistance mechanisms, the development of novel therapeutic approaches, and the evolving role of biomarkers in personalizing treatment.